World Tuna Day

 Since the adoption of the first tuna management procedure in 2011, tuna RFMOs have embraced MSE and management procedures as a management approach to rebuild, first and when needed, and then maintain sustainable tuna stocks and fisheries .  The following illustrates the development of management procedures by tuna RFMOs . Precautionary management procedures are indispensable tools for achieving sustainable tuna fisheries . MSE provides a rigorous framework for testing management procedures before implementation, reducing risks and enhancing decision-making . Precautionary management procedures ensure that fishing limits are based on scientific evidence, safeguarding stocks from overexploitation . While challenges remain, continued investment in these approaches will be critical in securing the long-term health of global tuna fisheries.

  The integration of MSE and harvest strategies is critical in addressing the challenges of modern fisheries management . These tools help mitigate risks associated with overfishing , climate change and economic uncertainties by providing a structured, science-driven and adaptive approach to decisionmaking .  Additionally, they foster international cooperation , as many fish stocks , particularly tuna, are highly migratory and require coordination among multiple nations.   By adopting MSE and robust management procedures , fisheries managers can enhance stock sustainability , maintain economic and viable fisheries, and ensure that marine ecosystems continue to thrive for future generations

   Tuna fisheries play a crucial role in global seafood production, providing food security, employment and economic value to many coastal nations. However, growing concerns related to unsustainable fishing, climate change, ecosystem impacts and mismanagement necessitate robust management approaches. Management strategy evaluation (MSE) and precautionary management procedures have emerged as a key tool for ensuring sustainable tuna stocks while balancing economic and ecological objectives. MSE tested management procedures for tunas have recently become an improved management tool in rebuilding tuna stocks and ensuring their long-term sustainability. MSE is a simulation-based framework that allows fisheries managers and stakeholders to test and evaluate the performance of different management options against pre-agreed management objectives before implementation. This process accounts for uncertainties in stock assessments, biological and environmental variability, as well as m...

  Globally, the seven major commercial oceanic tuna species are assessed and managed as 23 distinct stocks by the five tuna Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs): CCSBT, IATTC, ICCAT, IOTC and WCPFC. These stocks include six albacore, four bigeye, four bluefin, five skipjack, and four yellowfin tuna stocks. The global tuna catch has remained stable at around 5 million tonnes in recent years. In 2023, the total catch was approximately 5.2 million tonnes, a figure similar to the previous year. Skipjack tuna accounted for the largest share (57 percent), followed by yellowfin tuna (31 percent), bigeye tuna (7 percent), albacore tuna (4 percent), and the three bluefin tuna species collectively contributing just 1 percent of the total catch. From a stock perspective, based on the most recent stock status adopted by tuna RFMOs, 16 out of the 23 assessed tuna stocks are not overfished, and overfishing is not occurring. Additionally, five sto...

  Southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii) is assessed and managed by the Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT). Practically all of the catches are made in the IOTC, ICCAT and WCPFC convention areas (62 percent in the Indian Ocean, 25 percent in the Pacific Ocean and 13 percent in the Atlantic Ocean). Southern bluefin tuna catches in 2023 were approximately 17 300 tonnes, reflecting a 1 percent increase from 2022. Catches rose sharply from the beginning of the fishery around 1950, reaching a record high of 81 000 tonnes in 1961. However, they then declined continuously until 2011, when the lowest recorded catch of 9 459 tonnes was reported (FIGURE E.1.19). Since then, catches have been gradually increasing to the current level of 17 300 tonnes, largely due to strict catch limits established under the Southern Bluefin Tuna Management Procedure. This procedure, initially known as the “Bali Procedure” (adopted in ...

  About 23 percent of the world’s tuna production comes from the Indian Ocean (IO) – FAO Major Fishing Areas 51 and 57–making it the second most important region for tuna fishing after the Western and Central Pacific Ocean. Catches of skipjack, yellowfin, bigeye and albacore tuna in 2023 totaled approximately 1 237 000 tonnes, a 1 percent decrease from 2022. The total catch generally declined after 2005, when a record 1.25 million tonnes were caught, followed by an increase in recent years which has brought catches back to 2005 levels (FIGURE E.1.16). Catches of southern bluefin tuna occur primarily in the IO Area of Competence. However, due to their distribution across three oceans, this stock is covered below under a separate section on the CCSBT convention area. The catch of tropical tunas and albacore tuna in the IO steadily increased, reaching 200 000 tonnes in the early 1980s. It then rose rapidly to 500 000 tonnes in 19...

  About 11 percent of the world’s tuna production comes from Atlantic Ocean (AO) stocks –FAO Major Fishing Areas 21, 27, 31, 34, 41 and 47. Catches of skipjack tuna, yellowfin tuna, bigeye tuna, albacore tuna and bluefin tuna in 2023 totaled 544 700 tonnes, a 9 percent decrease from 2022 levels. The total catch has generally declined since the mid-1990s, followed by an upward trend since 2009 (FIGURE E.1.13). The catch of tropical tunas (bigeye tuna, yellowfin tuna and skipjack) in the AO initially steadily increased by approximately 100 000 tonnes per decade, reaching 100 000 tonnes in 1963, 200 000 tonnes in 1971, and 300 000 tonnes in 1980. It then quickly rose to 0.4 million tonnes by 1982, before reaching 500 000 tonnes in 1994. Total catches declined to 300 000 tonnes in 2006 but then began increasing again, reaching a historical high of 520 000 tonnes in 2018. Since then, catches h...